Installations for water purification, which cut directly into the water supply system are called main filter. They are used to obtain a liquid with improved qualities. Suitable for an apartment, house or just an office.
The body of the device is mainly made of plastic or stainless steel. The latter are primarily used for hot water. There are several types of cleaning. This is achieved through different types cartridges. The multi-stage system makes the water cleaner. To properly select the cartridges, you must first test in the laboratory.
The main types of cleaning:
Mechanical. This is the initial stage, such a cartridge is placed at the beginning. It removes the largest particles, such as rust, clay and other impurities. Consumables are made of polypropylene. There are pressed, thread or petal models.
Disk is a separate type of mechanical cleaning. The design is a stack of disks strung on an axis. When liquids pass through them, they are compressed. Dirt settles on the surface and then it is easily washed off into the drain. The advantage is that such cartridges do not need to be replaced, they just need to be washed. This increases the service life.
Coal or sorption. It is based on the use of activated carbon. It easily removes chlorine and its organic compounds, as well as salts of heavy metals and petroleum products. To improve the antibacterial properties of water, silver is added to coal.
Ion exchange or softening. Used here is an ion exchange resin, which removes salts from the liquid and makes it softer. There is a chemical reaction of replacement of calcium and magnesium salts with sodium.
Deironing. Inside is cation exchange and anion exchange raw materials. Together they are able to dissolve iron of all kinds, including colloidal.
This choice of backbone equipment allows you to create any set of filtering equipment. The composition is completed on the basis of water samples taken in the laboratory. Degrees of purification can be from one to three depending on the degree of water pollution.
Another type of classification is size. Manufacturers use two types:
Slim Line (SL) - represented by flasks with a diameter of 65 to 75 mm, they differ in height, which is reflected in the label;
Big Blue (BB) - the size in perimeter from 115 to 125 mm, are marked similarly to the previous category.
When installing flow filters, the hot and cold liquid models must be clearly separated.
Filtration systems are built into the main in the case when contaminated water moves from the water supply. It should be understood that pollution means not only sand or large scale, but also high iron content or increased hardness.
For grains of sand and similar particles enough rough cleaning. But more often you need additional mitigation. The problem is that hardness is determined by sodium and calcium salts. If they are not eliminated, they will be constantly deposited on the pipes and walls of other related equipment. Trunk filters cope with this problem. The main thing is to choose the right cartridges.
When using reverse osmosis, special membranes become the main filter elements. They provide complete purification from all types of impurities.
Their use has its advantages and disadvantages. Of the advantages:
productivity;
affordable price;
functionality;
opportunity to choose the right option;
simple installation.
Of course, there are disadvantages, but they are difficult to call such. Subsequently, the devices become dirty, then you need to either upgrade or replace the cartridges. Separation of models for hot and cold water supply increases the cost of the system. The lack of versatility adds to the hassle and at the same time allows you to choose the necessary combinations for each plumbing system.
There are many methods of cleaning the liquid. They help improve the quality of water, depending on how it will be used. An ordinary flask works quite well, but the problem is in the speed of cleaning and volume. But we need not only to drink from the tap, but also to cook, wash, wash.
In the city, water supply systems are not engaged in complete treatment. The best thing they do is remove large particles and disinfect with chlorine-containing solutions. However, you do not have a choice of which types of filtering to use. But you can remove the remaining dirt particles and the smell of chlorine with household filters.
Reverse osmosis makes it possible to achieve complete sterility of the liquid. Installation of the main equipment allows to receive the necessary structure. The simplest are mesh. They are used to remove particles of rust, sand and clay. Everything is sifted as through a grid. The city water supply system sins with pressure drops, therefore it is necessary to provide installation of a reducer.
When choosing a device you need to pay attention to the number of people who use water. This increases the load and slightly reduces the service life of the equipment. At mechanical cleaning on the average about 8 thousand liters are processed, coal passes twice less. The degree of contamination also increases the load.
The first and mandatory step is a laboratory test. Without this, it is impossible to choose the right filtration system. Deciphering the composition will show what many impurities, what to look for. So you can choose the size of the grid for mechanical devices. At the increased content of iron, a peculiar smell, existence of a deposit the multistage system with softening is required.
The models have the following characteristics:
purpose (for home, drinking or technical purposes);
degree of purification;
cartridge type;
productivity;
dimensions;
diameter of pipes.
If you approach the selection correctly, you can significantly increase the service life of all equipment in the house. The health of residents also largely depends on water quality. How to determine the correct selection of cartridges? Ideally, the liquid should be completely transparent, have a pleasant taste, do not leave a precipitate. We must remember that in the process of cleaning there is no difference between useful and harmful substances. Therefore, to enrich the liquid with minerals, you need an additional device. The last part of the system can be a mineralizer.
Each of the consumers selects consumables according to their requirements. In the country you need to remove harmful substances from the composition, which can have a negative impact on plants and soil. The apartments are trying to protect plumbing and appliances. Residential homes use several stages of cleaning to meet drinking and household needs.
Trunk filters are compact in size, but have high performance, long life. It is important to change the cartridges on time. Easy to operate, opened the tap - got a clean liquid.
